Evidence that Sex Attractant Pheromone Effects Strengthen with Continued Use OCTOBER 2005 Poster presentation by Dr. Winnifred Cutler at ASRM Annual Meeting
	Authors: Winnifred B. Cutler, PhD, Athena Institute, Chester Springs, PA, Millicent Zacher, DO , Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, Elizabeth Genovese , MD, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA	View Complete list of Dr. Cutler's published works

OCTOBER 2005. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine held a conjoint annual meeting
with the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society:

"Reproductive Medicine 2005: Expanding the Borders and Meeting New Challenges"

October 16 - 19, 2005
Palais de Congres,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada

ASRM is a national and international medical society and the recognized leader for multidisciplinary information in the field of reproductive medicine. ASRM members reside in all 50 of the United States and in over 100 other countries. Members include obstetrician/gynecologists, urologists, reproductive endocrinologists, embryologists, mental health professionals, internists, nurses, practice administrators, laboratory technicians, pediatricians, research scientists, and veterinarians

• Read About the Scientific Process of a double-blind study like this here
• Read about the San Francisco State University study on Athena Pheromone 10:13
• Read about the Philadelphia Study on Athena Pheromone 10X for men
• Read about the Boston Study on Athena Pheromone 1013 and Postmenopausal Women

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INTRODUCTION: In nature, pheromones are powerful agents driving reproduction and perpetuation of the species. In 1986, the first human double blind, placebo controlled experiments located pheromones in underarm sweat extracts of sexually active fertile-aged men and women1. Subsequently, the Athena Institute synthesized separate male and female sex attractant formulas as fragrance additives worn daily on the face. Three double blind, placebo controlled trials have been completed: * The Philadelphia trial tested the male formula on 38 men 26 to 42 years old.2 * The female formula was independently tested at San Francisco study on 36 women 19 to 48 years old.3 *The female formula was independently tested in 44 postmenopausal women 47 to 75 in Boston. 4 A similar protocol was followed for each trial to provide prospectively recorded sociosexual behavioral monitoring of daily fragrance use during 2 baseline weeks and 6 experimental weeks. *To avoid the potential for menses abstinence to obscure effects, the San Francisco researchers expanded the experimental period to 9 weeks; testing 3 postmenses weeks from the last 2 cycles.3 Each study found that a greater proportion of pheromone than placebo users increased over their own individual baseline weekly frequency in sociosexual behaviors. The biggest effects were: * Sexual intercourse in the Philadelphia study of fertile-aged men (p < .01) * Sexual intercourse in the San Francisco study of fertile-aged women (p < .01) * Petting/kissing/affection in the Boston study of postmenopausal women (p < .02) In the San Francisco study, pheromonal effects strengthened with continued use: “Significant effects appeared to occur within the first cycle and the proportion of women recording effects increased by the second cycle.”3

Objective: Here we examine post hoc whether the same strengthening phenomenon occurred in the Philadelphia and Boston studies. We hypothesize that pheromonal effects do strengthen with continued daily use. Materials and Methods: Subjects had recorded behavior daily and faxed their calendars weekly2.4 . After a 2-week baseline period they returned with their chosen fragrance and 5 ml of either placebo or test pheromone was added to 55 ml of their preferred fragrance. The chosen fragrance was worn daily throughout the entire 8 weeks; this provided both baseline and experimental phase exposure to the same preferred fragrance. Design: Using tabulated records of the daily calendars, data were transposed to the number of days per week a behavior had been prospectively recorded. We used Chi Square, one-tailed. * For men we tested sexual intercourse. * For postmenopausal women we tested petting, kissing and affection Results: See Tables

Table 1: The Effect Of Daily Application Of Pheromone-Spiked Aftershave Strengthens Over 6 Weeks In Men

FREQUENCY OF SEXUAL INTERCOURSE During 6 consecutive experimental1 weeks of daily wear, 17 men wore pheromone formula, added to their own chosen aftershave and 21 men wore placebo-spiked aftershave Experimental Period: First Two Weeks vs. Last Two Weeks Did the number of days of behavior either increase with continued use or occur every day? Pheromone Group Placebo Group No – a strengthening effect was not recorded 9 18 Yes – a strengthening effect was recorded 8 3 Total Men Per Group 17 21 x2(1, n=38) = 4.90, p< .01., one-tailed Experimental Period: First Three Weeks vs Last Three Weeks Did the number of days of behavior either increase with continued use or occur every day? Pheromone Group Placebo Group No – a strengthening effect was not recorded 10 17 Yes – a strengthening effect was recorded 7 4 Total Men Per Group 17 21 x2(1, n=38) = 2.24 , p <. 07, one-tailed. For male sexual intercourse, A greater proportion of pheromone than placebo users recorded an increase in their weekly frequency when the first 2 weeks were compared to the last 2 experimental weeks. A similar trend occurred when the first 3 vs. last 3 experimental weeks were compared . 1The 6 experimental weeks analyzed here followed a 2 week baseline period in which all 38 participants wore their chosen fragrance every day recording their behaviors. Table 2: The Effect Of Daily Application Of Pheromone-Spiked Fragrance Strengthens Over 6 Weeks In Postmenopausal Women FREQUENCY OF PETTING, KISSING, AND AFFECTION During 6 consecutive experimental1 weeks of daily wear, 22 women wore pheromone formula, added to their own chosen fragrance and 22 women wore placebo-spiked fragrance. Experimental Period: First Two Weeks vs. Last Two Weeks Did the number of days of behavior either increase with continued use or occur every day? Pheromone Group Placebo Group No – a strengthening effect was not recorded 13 18 Yes – a strengthening effect was recorded 9 4 Total Women Per Group 22 22 x2(1, n=44) = 2.73, p < .05., one-tailed Experimental Period: First Three Weeks vs Last Three Weeks Did the number of days of behavior either increase with continued use or occur every day? Pheromone Group Placebo Group No – a strengthening effect was not recorded 14 19 Yes – a strengthening effect was recorded 8 3 Total Women Per Group 22 22 x2(1, n=44) = 3.03, p < .04, one-tailed For postmenopausal petting, kissing, and affection, A greater proportion of pheromone than placebo users recorded either an increase in their weekly frequency or maintained daily behavior , [7 d/week], when the first 2 vs. the last 2 experimental weeks were compared. Comparing the first 3 weeks to the last 3 weeks showed similar results of pheromone (but not placebo) users increasing their behavior in the second half of the experimental period. 1The 6 experimental weeks analyzed here followed a 2 week baseline period in which all 44 participants wore their chosen fragrance every day recording their behaviors. CONCLUSION: Behavioral effects that sex attractant pheromones promote seem to strengthen with regular daily use. As usage continued, those who engaged in daily behavior maintained it; those with lower levels tended to increase.